/**
 * @file bson.h
 * @brief BSON Declarations
 */

/*    Copyright 2009-2011 10gen Inc.
 *
 *    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *    You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *    limitations under the License.
 */

#pragma once
#include <ctime>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <climits>
#include <cstdint>

constexpr int BSON_OK = 0;
constexpr int BSON_ERROR = -1;

static const char bson_numstrs[1000][4] = {
	"0",  "1",  "2",  "3",  "4",  "5",  "6",  "7",  "8",  "9",
	"10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19",
	"20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29",
	"30", "31", "32", "33", "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39",
	"40", "41", "42", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49",
	"50", "51", "52", "53", "54", "55", "56", "57", "58", "59",
	"60", "61", "62", "63", "64", "65", "66", "67", "68", "69",
	"70", "71", "72", "73", "74", "75", "76", "77", "78", "79",
	"80", "81", "82", "83", "84", "85", "86", "87", "88", "89",
	"90", "91", "92", "93", "94", "95", "96", "97", "98", "99",

	"100", "101", "102", "103", "104", "105", "106", "107", "108", "109",
	"110", "111", "112", "113", "114", "115", "116", "117", "118", "119",
	"120", "121", "122", "123", "124", "125", "126", "127", "128", "129",
	"130", "131", "132", "133", "134", "135", "136", "137", "138", "139",
	"140", "141", "142", "143", "144", "145", "146", "147", "148", "149",
	"150", "151", "152", "153", "154", "155", "156", "157", "158", "159",
	"160", "161", "162", "163", "164", "165", "166", "167", "168", "169",
	"170", "171", "172", "173", "174", "175", "176", "177", "178", "179",
	"180", "181", "182", "183", "184", "185", "186", "187", "188", "189",
	"190", "191", "192", "193", "194", "195", "196", "197", "198", "199",

	"200", "201", "202", "203", "204", "205", "206", "207", "208", "209",
	"210", "211", "212", "213", "214", "215", "216", "217", "218", "219",
	"220", "221", "222", "223", "224", "225", "226", "227", "228", "229",
	"230", "231", "232", "233", "234", "235", "236", "237", "238", "239",
	"240", "241", "242", "243", "244", "245", "246", "247", "248", "249",
	"250", "251", "252", "253", "254", "255", "256", "257", "258", "259",
	"260", "261", "262", "263", "264", "265", "266", "267", "268", "269",
	"270", "271", "272", "273", "274", "275", "276", "277", "278", "279",
	"280", "281", "282", "283", "284", "285", "286", "287", "288", "289",
	"290", "291", "292", "293", "294", "295", "296", "297", "298", "299",

	"300", "301", "302", "303", "304", "305", "306", "307", "308", "309",
	"310", "311", "312", "313", "314", "315", "316", "317", "318", "319",
	"320", "321", "322", "323", "324", "325", "326", "327", "328", "329",
	"330", "331", "332", "333", "334", "335", "336", "337", "338", "339",
	"340", "341", "342", "343", "344", "345", "346", "347", "348", "349",
	"350", "351", "352", "353", "354", "355", "356", "357", "358", "359",
	"360", "361", "362", "363", "364", "365", "366", "367", "368", "369",
	"370", "371", "372", "373", "374", "375", "376", "377", "378", "379",
	"380", "381", "382", "383", "384", "385", "386", "387", "388", "389",
	"390", "391", "392", "393", "394", "395", "396", "397", "398", "399",

	"400", "401", "402", "403", "404", "405", "406", "407", "408", "409",
	"410", "411", "412", "413", "414", "415", "416", "417", "418", "419",
	"420", "421", "422", "423", "424", "425", "426", "427", "428", "429",
	"430", "431", "432", "433", "434", "435", "436", "437", "438", "439",
	"440", "441", "442", "443", "444", "445", "446", "447", "448", "449",
	"450", "451", "452", "453", "454", "455", "456", "457", "458", "459",
	"460", "461", "462", "463", "464", "465", "466", "467", "468", "469",
	"470", "471", "472", "473", "474", "475", "476", "477", "478", "479",
	"480", "481", "482", "483", "484", "485", "486", "487", "488", "489",
	"490", "491", "492", "493", "494", "495", "496", "497", "498", "499",

	"500", "501", "502", "503", "504", "505", "506", "507", "508", "509",
	"510", "511", "512", "513", "514", "515", "516", "517", "518", "519",
	"520", "521", "522", "523", "524", "525", "526", "527", "528", "529",
	"530", "531", "532", "533", "534", "535", "536", "537", "538", "539",
	"540", "541", "542", "543", "544", "545", "546", "547", "548", "549",
	"550", "551", "552", "553", "554", "555", "556", "557", "558", "559",
	"560", "561", "562", "563", "564", "565", "566", "567", "568", "569",
	"570", "571", "572", "573", "574", "575", "576", "577", "578", "579",
	"580", "581", "582", "583", "584", "585", "586", "587", "588", "589",
	"590", "591", "592", "593", "594", "595", "596", "597", "598", "599",

	"600", "601", "602", "603", "604", "605", "606", "607", "608", "609",
	"610", "611", "612", "613", "614", "615", "616", "617", "618", "619",
	"620", "621", "622", "623", "624", "625", "626", "627", "628", "629",
	"630", "631", "632", "633", "634", "635", "636", "637", "638", "639",
	"640", "641", "642", "643", "644", "645", "646", "647", "648", "649",
	"650", "651", "652", "653", "654", "655", "656", "657", "658", "659",
	"660", "661", "662", "663", "664", "665", "666", "667", "668", "669",
	"670", "671", "672", "673", "674", "675", "676", "677", "678", "679",
	"680", "681", "682", "683", "684", "685", "686", "687", "688", "689",
	"690", "691", "692", "693", "694", "695", "696", "697", "698", "699",

	"700", "701", "702", "703", "704", "705", "706", "707", "708", "709",
	"710", "711", "712", "713", "714", "715", "716", "717", "718", "719",
	"720", "721", "722", "723", "724", "725", "726", "727", "728", "729",
	"730", "731", "732", "733", "734", "735", "736", "737", "738", "739",
	"740", "741", "742", "743", "744", "745", "746", "747", "748", "749",
	"750", "751", "752", "753", "754", "755", "756", "757", "758", "759",
	"760", "761", "762", "763", "764", "765", "766", "767", "768", "769",
	"770", "771", "772", "773", "774", "775", "776", "777", "778", "779",
	"780", "781", "782", "783", "784", "785", "786", "787", "788", "789",
	"790", "791", "792", "793", "794", "795", "796", "797", "798", "799",

	"800", "801", "802", "803", "804", "805", "806", "807", "808", "809",
	"810", "811", "812", "813", "814", "815", "816", "817", "818", "819",
	"820", "821", "822", "823", "824", "825", "826", "827", "828", "829",
	"830", "831", "832", "833", "834", "835", "836", "837", "838", "839",
	"840", "841", "842", "843", "844", "845", "846", "847", "848", "849",
	"850", "851", "852", "853", "854", "855", "856", "857", "858", "859",
	"860", "861", "862", "863", "864", "865", "866", "867", "868", "869",
	"870", "871", "872", "873", "874", "875", "876", "877", "878", "879",
	"880", "881", "882", "883", "884", "885", "886", "887", "888", "889",
	"890", "891", "892", "893", "894", "895", "896", "897", "898", "899",

	"900", "901", "902", "903", "904", "905", "906", "907", "908", "909",
	"910", "911", "912", "913", "914", "915", "916", "917", "918", "919",
	"920", "921", "922", "923", "924", "925", "926", "927", "928", "929",
	"930", "931", "932", "933", "934", "935", "936", "937", "938", "939",
	"940", "941", "942", "943", "944", "945", "946", "947", "948", "949",
	"950", "951", "952", "953", "954", "955", "956", "957", "958", "959",
	"960", "961", "962", "963", "964", "965", "966", "967", "968", "969",
	"970", "971", "972", "973", "974", "975", "976", "977", "978", "979",
	"980", "981", "982", "983", "984", "985", "986", "987", "988", "989",
	"990", "991", "992", "993", "994", "995", "996", "997", "998", "999",
};

enum bson_error_t {
	BSON_SIZE_OVERFLOW = 1 /**< Trying to create a BSON object larger than INT_MAX. */
};

enum bson_validity_t {
	BSON_VALID = 0,				 /**< BSON is valid and UTF-8 compliant. */
	BSON_NOT_UTF8 = ( 1<<1 ),	   /**< A key or a string is not valid UTF-8. */
	BSON_FIELD_HAS_DOT = ( 1<<2 ),  /**< Warning: key contains '.' character. */
	BSON_FIELD_INIT_DOLLAR = ( 1<<3 ), /**< Warning: key starts with '$' character. */
	BSON_ALREADY_FINISHED = ( 1<<4 )  /**< Trying to modify a finished BSON object. */
};

enum bson_binary_subtype_t {
	BSON_BIN_BINARY = 0,
	BSON_BIN_FUNC = 1,
	BSON_BIN_BINARY_OLD = 2,
	BSON_BIN_UUID = 3,
	BSON_BIN_MD5 = 5,
	BSON_BIN_USER = 128
};

typedef enum {
	BSON_EOO = 0,
	BSON_DOUBLE = 1,
	BSON_STRING = 2,
	BSON_OBJECT = 3,
	BSON_ARRAY = 4,
	BSON_BINDATA = 5,
	BSON_UNDEFINED = 6,
	BSON_OID = 7,
	BSON_BOOL = 8,
	BSON_DATE = 9,
	BSON_NULL = 10,
	BSON_REGEX = 11,
	BSON_DBREF = 12, /**< Deprecated. */
	BSON_CODE = 13,
	BSON_SYMBOL = 14,
	BSON_CODEWSCOPE = 15,
	BSON_INT = 16,
	BSON_TIMESTAMP = 17,
	BSON_LONG = 18
} bson_type;

typedef int bson_bool_t;

typedef struct {
	const char *cur;
	bson_bool_t first;
	const char *last;
} bson_iterator;

typedef struct {
	char *data;
	char *cur;
	int dataSize;
	bson_bool_t finished;
	int stack[32];
	int stackPos;
	int err; /**< Bitfield representing errors or warnings on this buffer */
	char *errstr; /**< A string representation of the most recent error or warning. */
} bson;

#pragma pack(1)
typedef union {
	char bytes[12];
	int ints[3];
} bson_oid_t;
#pragma pack()

typedef int64_t bson_date_t; /* milliseconds since epoch UTC */

typedef struct {
	int i; /* increment */
	int t; /* time in seconds */
} bson_timestamp_t;

/* ----------------------------
   READING
   ------------------------------ */

/**
 * Size of a BSON object.
 *
 * @param b the BSON object.
 *
 * @return the size.
 */
int bson_size( const bson *b );

/**
 * Print a string representation of a BSON object.
 *
 * @param b the BSON object to print.
 */
void bson_print( bson *b );

/**
 * Return a pointer to the raw buffer stored by this bson object.
 *
 * @param b a BSON object
 */
const char *bson_data( bson *b );

/**
 * Print a string representation of a BSON object.
 *
 * @param bson the raw data to print.
 * @param depth the depth to recurse the object.x
 */
void bson_print_raw( const char *bson , int depth );

/**
 * Advance a bson_iterator to the named field.
 *
 * @param it the bson_iterator to use.
 * @param obj the BSON object to use.
 * @param name the name of the field to find.
 *
 * @return the type of the found object or BSON_EOO if it is not found.
 */
bson_type bson_find( bson_iterator *it, const bson *obj, const char *name );

/**
 * Initialize a bson_iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator to initialize.
 * @param bson the BSON object to associate with the iterator.
 */
void bson_iterator_init( bson_iterator *i , const bson *b );

/**
 * Initialize a bson iterator from a const char* buffer. Note
 * that this is mostly used internally.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator to initialize.
 * @param buffer the buffer to point to.
 */
void bson_iterator_from_buffer( bson_iterator *i, const char *buffer );

/* more returns true for eoo. best to loop with bson_iterator_next(&it) */
/**
 * Check to see if the bson_iterator has more data.
 *
 * @param i the iterator.
 *
 * @return  returns true if there is more data.
 */
bson_bool_t bson_iterator_more( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Point the iterator at the next BSON object.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator.
 *
 * @return the type of the next BSON object.
 */
bson_type bson_iterator_next( bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the type of the BSON object currently pointed to by the iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return  the type of the current BSON object.
 */
bson_type bson_iterator_type( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the key of the BSON object currently pointed to by the iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the key of the current BSON object.
 */
const char *bson_iterator_key( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the value of the BSON object currently pointed to by the iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return  the value of the current BSON object.
 */
const char *bson_iterator_value( const bson_iterator *i );

/* these convert to the right type (return 0 if non-numeric) */
/**
 * Get the double value of the BSON object currently pointed to by the
 * iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return  the value of the current BSON object.
 */
double bson_iterator_double( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the int value of the BSON object currently pointed to by the iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return  the value of the current BSON object.
 */
int bson_iterator_int( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the long value of the BSON object currently pointed to by the iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the value of the current BSON object.
 */
int64_t bson_iterator_long( const bson_iterator *i );

/* return the bson timestamp as a whole or in parts */
/**
 * Get the timestamp value of the BSON object currently pointed to by
 * the iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the value of the current BSON object.
 */
bson_timestamp_t bson_iterator_timestamp( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the boolean value of the BSON object currently pointed to by
 * the iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the value of the current BSON object.
 */
/* false: boolean false, 0 in any type, or null */
/* true: anything else (even empty strings and objects) */
bson_bool_t bson_iterator_bool( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the double value of the BSON object currently pointed to by the
 * iterator. Assumes the correct type is used.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the value of the current BSON object.
 */
/* these assume you are using the right type */
double bson_iterator_double_raw( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the int value of the BSON object currently pointed to by the
 * iterator. Assumes the correct type is used.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the value of the current BSON object.
 */
int bson_iterator_int_raw( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the long value of the BSON object currently pointed to by the
 * iterator. Assumes the correct type is used.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the value of the current BSON object.
 */
int64_t bson_iterator_long_raw( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the bson_bool_t value of the BSON object currently pointed to by the
 * iterator. Assumes the correct type is used.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the value of the current BSON object.
 */
bson_bool_t bson_iterator_bool_raw( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the bson_oid_t value of the BSON object currently pointed to by the
 * iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the value of the current BSON object.
 */
bson_oid_t *bson_iterator_oid( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the string value of the BSON object currently pointed to by the
 * iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return  the value of the current BSON object.
 */
/* these can also be used with bson_code and bson_symbol*/
const char *bson_iterator_string( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the string length of the BSON object currently pointed to by the
 * iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the length of the current BSON object.
 */
int bson_iterator_string_len( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the code value of the BSON object currently pointed to by the
 * iterator. Works with bson_code, bson_codewscope, and BSON_STRING
 * returns NULL for everything else.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the code value of the current BSON object.
 */
/* works with bson_code, bson_codewscope, and BSON_STRING */
/* returns NULL for everything else */
const char *bson_iterator_code( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Calls bson_empty on scope if not a bson_codewscope
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator.
 * @param scope the bson scope.
 */
/* calls bson_empty on scope if not a bson_codewscope */
void bson_iterator_code_scope( const bson_iterator *i, bson *scope );

/**
 * Get the date value of the BSON object currently pointed to by the
 * iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the date value of the current BSON object.
 */
/* both of these only work with bson_date */
bson_date_t bson_iterator_date( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the time value of the BSON object currently pointed to by the
 * iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the time value of the current BSON object.
 */
time_t bson_iterator_time_t( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the length of the BSON binary object currently pointed to by the
 * iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the length of the current BSON binary object.
 */
int bson_iterator_bin_len( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the type of the BSON binary object currently pointed to by the
 * iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the type of the current BSON binary object.
 */
char bson_iterator_bin_type( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the value of the BSON binary object currently pointed to by the
 * iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the value of the current BSON binary object.
 */
const char *bson_iterator_bin_data( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the value of the BSON regex object currently pointed to by the
 * iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator
 *
 * @return the value of the current BSON regex object.
 */
const char *bson_iterator_regex( const bson_iterator *i );

/**
 * Get the options of the BSON regex object currently pointed to by the
 * iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator.
 *
 * @return the options of the current BSON regex object.
 */
const char *bson_iterator_regex_opts( const bson_iterator *i );

/* these work with BSON_OBJECT and BSON_ARRAY */
/**
 * Get the BSON subobject currently pointed to by the
 * iterator.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator.
 * @param sub the BSON subobject destination.
 */
void bson_iterator_subobject( const bson_iterator *i, bson *sub );

/**
 * Get a bson_iterator that on the BSON subobject.
 *
 * @param i the bson_iterator.
 * @param sub the iterator to point at the BSON subobject.
 */
void bson_iterator_subiterator( const bson_iterator *i, bson_iterator *sub );

/* str must be at least 24 hex chars + null byte */
/**
 * Create a bson_oid_t from a string.
 *
 * @param oid the bson_oid_t destination.
 * @param str a null terminated string comprised of at least 24 hex chars.
 */
void bson_oid_from_string( bson_oid_t *oid, const char *str );

/**
 * Create a string representation of the bson_oid_t.
 *
 * @param oid the bson_oid_t source.
 * @param str the string representation destination.
 */
void bson_oid_to_string( const bson_oid_t *oid, char *str );

/**
 * Create a bson_oid object.
 *
 * @param oid the destination for the newly created bson_oid_t.
 */
void bson_oid_gen( bson_oid_t *oid );

/**
 * Set a function to be used to generate the second four bytes
 * of an object id.
 *
 * @param func a pointer to a function that returns an int.
 */
void bson_set_oid_fuzz( int ( *func )( void ) );

/**
 * Set a function to be used to generate the incrementing part
 * of an object id (last four bytes). If you need thread-safety
 * in generating object ids, you should set this function.
 *
 * @param func a pointer to a function that returns an int.
 */
void bson_set_oid_inc( int ( *func )( void ) );

/**
 * Get the time a bson_oid_t was created.
 *
 * @param oid the bson_oid_t.
 */
time_t bson_oid_generated_time( bson_oid_t *oid ); /* Gives the time the OID was created */

/* ----------------------------
   BUILDING
   ------------------------------ */

/**
 *  Initialize a new bson object. If not created
 *  with bson_new, you must initialize each new bson
 *  object using this function.
 *
 *  @note When finished, you must pass the bson object to
 *      bson_destroy( ).
 */
void bson_init( bson *b );

/**
 * Initialize a BSON object, and point its data
 * pointer to the provided char*.
 *
 * @param b the BSON object to initialize.
 * @param data the raw BSON data.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_init_data( bson *b , char *data );


/**
 * Initialize a BSON object, point its data pointer
 * to the provided char*, and initialize the size
 *
 * @param b the BSON object to initialize.
 * @param data the raw BSON data.
 * @param size the size of the BSON data.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_init_data_size( bson *b , char *data , int size );

/**
 * Initialize a BSON object, and point its data
 * pointer to the provided char*. We assume
 * that the data represents a finished BSON object.
 *
 * @param b the BSON object to initialize.
 * @param data the raw BSON data.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_init_finished_data( bson *b, char *data );

/**
 * Initialize a BSON object, and set its
 * buffer to the given size.
 *
 * @param b the BSON object to initialize.
 * @param size the initial size of the buffer.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
void bson_init_size( bson *b, int size );

/**
 * Grow a bson object.
 *
 * @param b the bson to grow.
 * @param bytesNeeded the additional number of bytes needed.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR with the bson error object set.
 *   Exits if allocation fails.
 */
int bson_ensure_space( bson *b, const int bytesNeeded );

/**
 * Finalize a bson object.
 *
 * @param b the bson object to finalize.
 *
 * @return the standard error code. To deallocate memory,
 *   call bson_destroy on the bson object.
 */
int bson_finish( bson *b );

/**
 * Destroy a bson object.
 *
 * @param b the bson object to destroy.
 *
 */
void bson_destroy( bson *b );

/**
 * Returns a pointer to a static empty BSON object.
 *
 * @param obj the BSON object to initialize.
 *
 * @return the empty initialized BSON object.
 */
/* returns pointer to static empty bson object */
bson *bson_empty( bson *obj );

/**
 * Make a complete copy of the a BSON object.
 * The source bson object must be in a finished
 * state; otherwise, the copy will fail.
 *
 * @param out the copy destination BSON object.
 * @param in the copy source BSON object.
 */
int bson_copy( bson *out, const bson *in ); /* puts data in new buffer. NOOP if out==NULL */

/**
 * Append a previously created bson_oid_t to a bson object.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the bson_oid_t.
 * @param oid the bson_oid_t to append.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_oid( bson *b, const char *name, const bson_oid_t *oid );

/**
 * Append a bson_oid_t to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the bson_oid_t.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_new_oid( bson *b, const char *name );

/**
 * Append an int to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the int.
 * @param i the int to append.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_int( bson *b, const char *name, const int i );

/**
 * Append an long to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the long.
 * @param i the long to append.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_long( bson *b, const char *name, const int64_t i );

/**
 * Append an double to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the double.
 * @param d the double to append.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_double( bson *b, const char *name, const double d );

/**
 * Append a string to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the string.
 * @param str the string to append.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
*/
int bson_append_string( bson *b, const char *name, const char *str );

/**
 * Append len bytes of a string to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the string.
 * @param str the string to append.
 * @param len the number of bytes from str to append.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_string_n( bson *b, const char *name, const char *str, int len );

/**
 * Append a symbol to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the symbol.
 * @param str the symbol to append.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_symbol( bson *b, const char *name, const char *str );

/**
 * Append len bytes of a symbol to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the symbol.
 * @param str the symbol to append.
 * @param len the number of bytes from str to append.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_symbol_n( bson *b, const char *name, const char *str, int len );

/**
 * Append code to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the code.
 * @param str the code to append.
 * @param len the number of bytes from str to append.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_code( bson *b, const char *name, const char *str );

/**
 * Append len bytes of code to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the code.
 * @param str the code to append.
 * @param len the number of bytes from str to append.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_code_n( bson *b, const char *name, const char *str, int len );

/**
 * Append code to a bson with scope.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the code.
 * @param str the string to append.
 * @param scope a BSON object containing the scope.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_code_w_scope( bson *b, const char *name, const char *code, const bson *scope );

/**
 * Append len bytes of code to a bson with scope.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the code.
 * @param str the string to append.
 * @param len the number of bytes from str to append.
 * @param scope a BSON object containing the scope.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_code_w_scope_n( bson *b, const char *name, const char *code, int size, const bson *scope );

/**
 * Append binary data to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the data.
 * @param type the binary data type.
 * @param str the binary data.
 * @param len the length of the data.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_binary( bson *b, const char *name, char type, const char *str, int len );

/**
 * Append a bson_bool_t to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the boolean value.
 * @param v the bson_bool_t to append.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_bool( bson *b, const char *name, const bson_bool_t v );

/**
 * Append a null value to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the null value.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_null( bson *b, const char *name );

/**
 * Append an undefined value to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the undefined value.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_undefined( bson *b, const char *name );

/**
 * Append a regex value to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the regex value.
 * @param pattern the regex pattern to append.
 * @param the regex options.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_regex( bson *b, const char *name, const char *pattern, const char *opts );

/**
 * Append bson data to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the bson data.
 * @param bson the bson object to append.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_bson( bson *b, const char *name, const bson *bson );

/**
 * Append a BSON element to a bson from the current point of an iterator.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name_or_null the key for the BSON element, or NULL.
 * @param elem the bson_iterator.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_element( bson *b, const char *name_or_null, const bson_iterator *elem );

/**
 * Append a bson_timestamp_t value to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the timestampe value.
 * @param ts the bson_timestamp_t value to append.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_timestamp( bson *b, const char *name, bson_timestamp_t *ts );

/* these both append a bson_date */
/**
 * Append a bson_date_t value to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the date value.
 * @param millis the bson_date_t to append.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_date( bson *b, const char *name, bson_date_t millis );

/**
 * Append a time_t value to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the key for the date value.
 * @param secs the time_t to append.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_time_t( bson *b, const char *name, time_t secs );

/**
 * Start appending a new object to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the name of the new object.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_start_object( bson *b, const char *name );

/**
 * Start appending a new array to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 * @param name the name of the new array.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_start_array( bson *b, const char *name );

/**
 * Finish appending a new object or array to a bson.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_finish_object( bson *b );

/**
 * Finish appending a new object or array to a bson. This
 * is simply an alias for bson_append_finish_object.
 *
 * @param b the bson to append to.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK or BSON_ERROR.
 */
int bson_append_finish_array( bson *b );

void bson_numstr( char *str, int i );

void bson_incnumstr( char *str );

/* Error handling and stadard library function over-riding. */
/* -------------------------------------------------------- */

/* bson_err_handlers shouldn't return!!! */
typedef void( *bson_err_handler )( const char *errmsg );

typedef int (*bson_printf_func)( const char *, ... );
typedef int (*bson_fprintf_func)( FILE *, const char *, ... );
typedef int (*bson_sprintf_func)( char *, const char *, ... );

extern void *( *bson_malloc_func )( size_t );
extern void *( *bson_realloc_func )( void *, size_t );
extern void ( *bson_free )( void * );

extern bson_printf_func bson_printf;
extern bson_fprintf_func bson_fprintf;
extern bson_sprintf_func bson_sprintf;

extern bson_printf_func bson_errprintf;

/**
 * Allocates memory and checks return value, exiting fatally if malloc() fails.
 *
 * @param size bytes to allocate.
 *
 * @return a pointer to the allocated memory.
 *
 * @sa malloc(3)
 */
void *bson_malloc( int size );

/**
 * Changes the size of allocated memory and checks return value,
 * exiting fatally if realloc() fails.
 *
 * @param ptr pointer to the space to reallocate.
 * @param size bytes to allocate.
 *
 * @return a pointer to the allocated memory.
 *
 * @sa realloc()
 */
void *bson_realloc( void *ptr, int size );

/**
 * Set a function for error handling.
 *
 * @param func a bson_err_handler function.
 *
 * @return the old error handling function, or NULL.
 */
bson_err_handler set_bson_err_handler( bson_err_handler func );

/* does nothing if ok != 0 */
/**
 * Exit fatally.
 *
 * @param ok exits if ok is equal to 0.
 */
void bson_fatal( int ok );

/**
 * Exit fatally with an error message.
  *
 * @param ok exits if ok is equal to 0.
 * @param msg prints to stderr before exiting.
 */
void bson_fatal_msg( int ok, const char *msg );

/**
 * Invoke the error handler, but do not exit.
 *
 * @param b the buffer object.
 */
void bson_builder_error( bson *b );

/* encoding.h */

/*
 * Copyright 2009-2011 10gen, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

/**
 * Check that a field name is valid UTF8, does not start with a '$',
 * and contains no '.' characters. Set bson bit field appropriately.
 * Note that we don't need to check for '\0' because we're using
 * strlen(3), which stops at '\0'.
 *
 * @param b The bson object to which field name will be appended.
 * @param string The field name as char*.
 * @param length The length of the field name.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK if valid UTF8 and BSON_ERROR if not. All BSON strings must be
 *     valid UTF8. This function will also check whether the string
 *     contains '.' or starts with '$', since the validity of this depends on context.
 *     Set the value of b->err appropriately.
 */
int bson_check_field_name( bson *b, const char *string,
                           const int length );

/**
 * Check that a string is valid UTF8. Sets the buffer bit field appropriately.
 *
 * @param b The bson object to which string will be appended.
 * @param string The string to check.
 * @param length The length of the string.
 *
 * @return BSON_OK if valid UTF-8; otherwise, BSON_ERROR.
 *     Sets b->err on error.
 */
bson_bool_t bson_check_string( bson *b, const char *string,
                               const int length );

/* platform.h */

/**    Copyright 2009-2011 10gen Inc.
 *
 *    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *    You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *    limitations under the License.
 */


/* all platform-specific ifdefs should go here */

/* big endian is only used for OID generation. little is used everywhere else */
//#ifdef BIG_ENDIAN
//#define bson_little_endian64(out, in) ( bson_swap_endian64(out, in) )
//#define bson_little_endian32(out, in) ( bson_swap_endian32(out, in) )
//#define bson_big_endian64(out, in) ( memcpy(out, in, 8) )
//#define bson_big_endian32(out, in) ( memcpy(out, in, 4) )
//#else
#define bson_little_endian64(out, in) ( memcpy(out, in, 8) )
#define bson_little_endian32(out, in) ( memcpy(out, in, 4) )
#define bson_big_endian64(out, in) ( bson_swap_endian64(out, in) )
#define bson_big_endian32(out, in) ( bson_swap_endian32(out, in) )
//#endif

static inline void bson_swap_endian64( void *outp, const void *inp ) {
	const char *in = ( const char * )inp;
	char *out = ( char * )outp;

	out[0] = in[7];
	out[1] = in[6];
	out[2] = in[5];
	out[3] = in[4];
	out[4] = in[3];
	out[5] = in[2];
	out[6] = in[1];
	out[7] = in[0];

}
static inline void bson_swap_endian32( void *outp, const void *inp ) {
	const char *in = ( const char * )inp;
	char *out = ( char * )outp;

	out[0] = in[3];
	out[1] = in[2];
	out[2] = in[1];
	out[3] = in[0];
}
